Selasa, 19 Juni 2012

[S552.Ebook] Download PDF The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook, by Denise Alvarado

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The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook, by Denise Alvarado



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The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook, by Denise Alvarado

"Voodoo Hoodoo" is the unique variety of Creole Voodoo found in New Orleans. The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook is a rich compendium of more than 300 authentic Voodoo and Hoodoo recipes, rituals, and spells for love, justice, gambling luck, prosperity, health, and success.

Cultural psychologist and root worker Denise Alvarado, who grew up in New Orleans, draws from a lifetime of recipes and spells learned from family, friends, and local practitioners. She traces the history of the African-based folk magic brought by slaves to New Orleans, and shows how it evolved over time to include influences from Native American spirituality, Catholicism, and Pentecostalism. She shares her research into folklore collections and 19th- and 20th- century formularies along with her own magical arts.

The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook includes more than 100 spells for Banishing, Binding, Fertility, Luck, Protection, Money, and more. Alvarado introduces readers to the Pantheon of Voodoo Spirits, the Seven African Powers, and other important Loas, Prayers, Novenas, and Psalms, and much, much more, including:
* Oils and Potions: Attraction Love Oil, Dream Potion, Gambler's Luck Oil, Blessing Oil
* Hoodoo Powders and Gris Gris: Algier's Fast Luck Powder, Controlling Powder, Money Drawing Powder
* Talismans and Candle Magic
* Curses and Hexes

  • Sales Rank: #79188 in Books
  • Brand: BVOOHOOS
  • Published on: 2011-11-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x 7.00" w x .75" l, 1.12 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 320 pages
Features
  • Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook

Review

"The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook is a work of considerable value to anyone interested in the workings of magic as performed in New Orleans...a serious compilation of authentic rituals, spells, and instructions gathered by a rootworker who grew up in the area." -- Raymond Buckland, author of Buckland's Book of Gypsy Magic

"Presented in a down-to-earth, easy to understand style -  and jam-packed with a wealth of practical information -  The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook is, without a doubt, a practitioner's fondest dream cone true. No magical workspace is complete without it!" --Dorothy Morrison, author of Utterly Wicked and Everyday Magic

A triumph of painstaking and meticulous research. A brilliant and all-encompassing work and an invaluable source of recorded oral tradition. --Dr. Ann Nyland, author/translator of Complete Books of Enoch

"Here you will find spells, rituals, formulas and prayers for virtually any conceivable purpose along with correspondence charts arranged by use or purpose for easy reference to assist you in crafting your own spells and formulas." -- Carolina Dean Associate Editor and Contributor to Hoodoo and Conjure Quarterly

"You could not ask for a better introduction to Voodoo, hoodoo, gris gris or conjure than Denise Alvarado's The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook." -- Aaron Leitch, author of Secrets of the Magickal Grimoires

"Born and raised in New Orleans, Denise Alvarado learned her craft at a very early age from members of her family, and later from various teachers and mentors. Over the past several decades she has not only made a scholarly study of various forms of magick and healing, as an anthropologist and psychologist, but she has also practiced these traditions at length, becoming a respected spiritual-worker, consultant, and writer in her own right. Written in a simple, easy-to-understand style, The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook is overflowing with valuable information pertaining to the theory and practice of authentic Voodoo hoodoo. In addition to a brief historical overview of these practices in New Orleans, here you will find spells, rituals, formulas, and prayers for virtually any conceivable purpose along with correspondence charts arranged by use or purpose for easy reference that will assist you in crafting your own spells and formulas. In short, this book contains everything you need to know in order to practice successful magick in the Voodoo Hoodoo tradition. This is a book that you will return to again and again." -Carolina Dean, author, associate editor and contributor to Hoodoo and Conjure Quarterly

"A triumph of painstaking and meticulous research. Esteemed author Denise Alvarado, herself raised in New Orleans, has studied mysticism and practiced Voodoo Hoodoo and indigenous healing traditions for over three decades. She is an academic anthropologist, cultural psychologist, writer, artist, spiritual adviser, and consultant. The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook is the culmination of the author's decades of practical experience in authentic Voodoo rituals. Wonderfully readable, The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook will prove a necessary companion to both beginner and experienced practitioner alike. A brilliant and all-encompassing work and an invaluable source of recorded oral tradition." -Dr. Ann Nyland, author/translator of Complete Books of Enoch

"Presented in a down-to-earth, easy to understand style--and jam-packed with a wealth of practical information--The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook is, without a doubt, a practitioner's fondest dream come true. No magical workspace is complete without it!" -Dorothy Morrison, author of Utterly Wicked and Everyday Magic

"Hoodoo and the conjure arts are at the center of a growing spiritual movement, as Western seekers redefine their relationship to religion and the occult. The self-help phase of the occult revival--epitomized by the New Age and Neopaganism for the last half-century--is quickly giving way to nuts-and-bolts, hands-on practical magick that gets things done. You could not ask for a better introduction to Voodoo, hoodoo, gris gris or conjure than Denise Alvarado's The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook. The author grew up in New Orleans and Mississippi, and learned the art directly from the source. She is also an anthropologist with a firm grasp on the African Diaspora and its relationship to her home town. This book contains everything from history to folklore, Loas to Orishas, saints and psalms, oils, powders, inks, washes, gris gris, talismans, candles, and conjure spells for every imaginable need. Whether your interest in Voodoo and hoodoo are academic or you want to learn to lay a few tricks, The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook is the best place to start." -Aaron Leitch, author of Secrets of the Magickal Grimoire

"Denise Alvarado's The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook is a work of considerable value to anyone interested in the workings of magic as performed in the New Orleans area of Louisiana. It is not a tourist-tempting hodgepodge of phony recipes but a serious compilation of authentic rituals, spells, and instructions gathered by a 'root worker' who grew up in the area. As background to the meat of this work, Ms. Alvarado includes a history of this particular folk magic and of its practitioners. Whatever the spell or charm you need, you are certain to find it here...and it will be effective! Along with her words, enjoy Denise's beautiful artwork." -Raymond Buckland, Buckland's Book of Gypsy Magic

"New Orleans Voodoo and Hoodoo have a uniquely sumptuous flavor all their own. Denise Alvarado captures that flavor perfectly in The Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook because she has long been immersed in its magic and culture. The spells she presents are steeped in the wisdom of the river, the bayous, and the roots and plants that folk practitioners have used for centuries. As the famed New Orleans Voodoo Queen Marie Laveau did before her, Denise creates a path to these traditions for all who seek to discover them. Explore everything from the pantheons of Voodoo to their corresponding saints and the prayers to call them; learn about the roots, herbs, oils, and other ingredients that practitioners use; and employ voodoo dolls, gris gris, and other powerful spirit tools that can help you work the magic!" --Christian Day, author of The Witches' Book of the Dead

From the Author

This book represents  a lifetime of learning and living New Orleans Voodoo hoodoo. I have never before written down so much of my personal knowledge and experience for public consumption. I admit, I was hesitant to share much of it; but, ultimately I felt it was important to preserve the cultural knowledge that was passed on to me through multiple channels. Many of the old ways have been lost or forgotten. Many of the old ways have been diluted through the commercialization of Hoodoo. I know that much of what I learned was impacted by this phenomenon as a child born in 1960, thirty years into the commercial Hoodoo heyday.  Like so many things, however, the New Orleans tradition adapted to the changes. As an adult, I have come to understand those things that were "created" by marketeers and those that are pure Hoodoo and conjure. In the end, Hoodoo is about what works.

One of my goals in writing the Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook was to emphasize the many influences that are found in the New Orleans tradition. Voodoo and Hoodoo as it is expressed in New Orleans does not look the same as it does in other areas of the country in some very significant ways. A major hallmark is the fusion of Voodoo and Hoodoo - or lack of separation of the two. Voodoo is not just a religion and Hoodoo is not just a magickal system in New Orleans. It never was. And, gris gris is not just a mojo bag.  For many of us, Voodoo, Hoodoo, and gris gris are each a part of a whole Creole tradition. Just like the merging of my indigenous, Spanish and French ancestors makes me a whole Creole woman, the merging of multiple cultures makes New Orleans Voodoo and Hoodoo a whole Creole tradition.

Whether or not you agree with what you read in these pages is not important. What I write is my experience and is my understanding. I am but one person. But, I am one person for whom the tradition lives on in my blood and in the blood of my children and my children's children. I am not writing as an outsider looking in. I write as an insider looking out, and there is a big difference in the two perspectives.
           
May the blessings of our beloved Voodoo Spirits be with you always!
Denise Alvarado
June 7, 2011

From the Back Cover
Like the vibrant streets of New Orleans where author Denise Alvarado was raised, the Voodoo Hoodoo Spellbook will enchant you with its abundance of magical incantations, spells and remedies. It brings love, prosperity, luck, fertility, health, protection and revenge from the traditions of New Orleans Voodoo and hoodoo culture directly to your doorstep.

Most helpful customer reviews

5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
I love this book
By Sara's Opinions
I love this book, especially the conjure oil recipes. The author went into a lot of detail throughout the book, but I especially enjoyed the oil recipes. I did have to do a bit of research though on some of the ingredients, and in the process, I learned that some ingredients go by different names, though that wasn't stated outright in the recipes. I got the kindle edition, and noticed a couple of typos I think but this is a solid book - I love it.

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Voodoo!!!!
By Amazon Customer
I like this book on new Orleans styled voodoo! Very intrigued. I use to perform spells from this book all the time before I moved. I need to get back into my spirituality because I feel completely in control when I'm into it.

5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Full of useful information
By TTazman64
This book is full of useful information. I am so glad I bought it. I have referred to it many times.

See all 73 customer reviews...

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Minggu, 10 Juni 2012

[D876.Ebook] Download Ebook Confident You: An Introvert's Guide to Success in Life and Business, by S J Scott, Rebecca Livermore

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Confident You: An Introvert's Guide to Success in Life and Business, by S J Scott, Rebecca Livermore

Confident You: An Introvert's Guide to Success in Life and Business, by S J Scott, Rebecca Livermore



Confident You: An Introvert's Guide to Success in Life and Business, by S J Scott, Rebecca Livermore

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Confident You: An Introvert's Guide to Success in Life and Business, by S J Scott, Rebecca Livermore

How to Succeed in an Extroverted World (Without Changing Who You Are)

Being an introvert can be frustrating... The world applauds extroverts, so it's easy to feel left out in the cold. As an introvert, you know it's important to be outgoing, social and a good leader, yet these behaviors don't seem natural.

The truth is that success in life often comes down to how well you sell yourself. This means behaving in a manner that doesn't seem congruent with what's inside. In simple terms, the world around us requires introverts to behave in an extroverted manner.

LEARN:: How to Harness Your Introverted "Powers"

Introversion can be a good thing. Without introverts, society would be full of outgoing and social people but a lot fewer artists, analysts, scientists, doctors, writers, engineers, and designers. On the other hand, the world often celebrates and rewards extroverts, often leaving introverts out in the cold.

Instead of trying to make you an extrovert, the goal of "Confident You" is to help you capitalize on all the positive aspects of being an introvert, while helping you overcome the less positive aspects of introversion.

DOWNLOAD:: Confident You - An Introvert's Guide to Success in Life and Business

"Confident You" provides 15 strategies to help you become more extroverted in business and social situations.

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  • A 10-Minute Test That Identifies Your "Type" of Introversion

  • Simple Lessons from Famous Introverts

  • How to Deal with a Lack of Confidence (or Shyness) in Social Situations

  • The Secret to Making a Good First Impression

  • How to Have Your ACCOMPLISHMENTS Recognized at Work

  • The Best Ways to Nurture Relationships with Extroverts

  • Unique Leadership Qualities of Introverts

  • How to Engage in Small Talk That MATTERS

  • 4 Ways to Overcome the "Dull Perception"

You can thrive in a world that prefers extroverts. All you need is an action plan for social situations at work and in life.

Would You Like To Know More? Download now to learn how to become more confident and successful introvert.

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  • Sales Rank: #946164 in Books
  • Published on: 2015-07-15
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x .30" w x 6.00" l, .41 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 118 pages

Most helpful customer reviews

14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Hold the Phone, Grab the Book!
By Steve Coombes
I'm a "closet" introvert, which means I can interact well with others, even getting on stage or teaching isn't a problem for me, but I often prefer isolation and have to work at being outgoing in group settings. I have to say much in this book resonated with me right off the bat. Especially one part about feeling like every phone call seeming to be like an interruption. That sounds exactly like me!

In Confident You, Steve and Rebecca help you identify which of 8 different introverted personalities you may have... then showcase 15 different challenges you likely experience based on your introverted personality. But they don't stop there. For each challenge you get specific, actionable advice in an easy, short read to help you master those areas of your life.

What I really appreciate most about this book is the authors don't try to change you. Instead, they take who you are and help you make the most of your existing personality. Every introvert can benefit from a read of this work!

Forgot to add... definitely take the free personality test the book points to. I'm INTP which is right on the mark!

10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
A PROVEN SYSTEM FOR SUCCEEDING AS AN INTROVERT!
By Scott B. Allan
I've read most books by Steve Scott, especially the Habit books, mostly because I love the topic of habits. But this book was different. As an introvert struggling in a world that values online relationships, joining groups, and staying active to maintain popularity, I find myself time and again constantly struggling to keep up with looking like I'm "social". "Confident You" is the book I had to read; as I started to skim the first few pages, it became a necessity. If you are an introvert like I am [and Steve Scott, an introvert? Had no idea] then this is the book you need to read. Forget about being entertained; this book will change the way you feel about YOU.

It was such a relief to be told from the very beginning that is okay to be an introvert; and that the aim of the authors is not to change you, but to help us introverts to adapt and function with confidence in a world that praises and rewards extroverts. Scott and Livermore also state that "You can't magically transform into an extrovert since introversion is part of your makeup. Introversion isn't a type of illness you need to be cured from." That's great to know.

In reading this book, it is obvious that Steven and Rebecca, in addition to drawing on their own emotions and experience of being introverts, did the deep research to cover the topic in depth. As I was reading this I found myself shaking my head saying, "Yes, that is exactly it." or "They just described how I feel 90% of the time."

Here is what I found to be the "Golden" topics in this book:

1. Creating a positive first impression
2. Making small talk
3. Learn to ask others about themselves
4. Talking on the phone [a fear most introverts deal with]
5. How to build better relationships
6. How to avoid being pushed around
7. Ways to contribute to working in teams
8. How to step out of the background and get noticed
9. Getting along with extroverts

The book is organized in a very clear, easy-to-follow format where the authors describe the challenge faced by introverts, and then they provide the solution to it. The result is a book with very clear steps that defines the problem, and then presents the solution. I believe that all introverts, or people who struggle with insecurity, social problems, or shyness will gain a tremendous amount of help by reading this. You can apply the action steps right away and come away with some great results and lasting change.

5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Get it - you're not the only introvert in the world...
By Michael Nichols
As a "recovering" introvert, I've needed this book my entire career! It helped me 1) understand I'm not the only one who deals with these challenges, 2) gave me real solutions that I could implement immediately, and 3) gave me permission to be me! Get it!

See all 45 customer reviews...

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[H394.Ebook] Ebook Free Italian Fascism: Its Origins and Development, Third Edition, by Alexander J. De Grand

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Italian Fascism: Its Origins and Development, Third Edition, by Alexander J. De Grand

On October 29, 1922, when Benito Mussolini completed the March on Rome and was appointed prime minister of Italy, the Fascist regime began in triumph. It ended some twenty-two years later with the execution of Mussolini and the collapse of the German-inspired Italian Social Republic. In this third edition of Italian Fascism Alexander De Grand maintains his disagreement with recent interpretations of the movement and regime as “revolutionary” and “leftist.” While not ignoring the importance of ideology, he sees Fascism in Italy as a bourgeois response to the challenge of proletarian revolution and an approach to the problem of conservative control in an era of mass politics.

For the third edition, De Grand has substantially revised the discussion of culture and ideology, the conclusion, and the bibliography. Incorporating the most recent interpretations and research, this introduction to Italian Fascism reinterprets an important development in modern history.

  • Sales Rank: #418894 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: University of Nebraska Press
  • Published on: 2000-05-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.50" h x .44" w x 5.51" l, .50 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 191 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"[De Grand] must be congratulated on performing so skillfully the difficult task of providing students (and teachers) of twentieth-century history with a concise yet rounded account of Italian Fascism."—History (History)

"This history . . . commends itself for its clarity, compactness, and grasp of the subject."—American Historical Review (American Historical Review)

"An excellent synthesis and a balanced interpretation of the historical background and the evolution of the Italian political system under fascism."—Choice (Choice)

About the Author
Alexander De Grand, a professor of history at North Carolina State University, is the author of The Italian Left in the Twentieth Century: A History of the Socialist and Communist Parties.

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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Exactly What it Should Be!
By Truden
I read this for my Europe in the Age of War and Dictatorship Class. This is an awesome little book. If you want to read about the history of Italian Fascism, this is the book to get. Everything is packed into its 170 something pages, and yet it is very readable. Dr. De Grand, who also survived cancer to write the second and third editions of this, did an excellent job.

1 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Italian Fascism
By Judith O'Donnell
Book was in excellent condition for just 1/2 the price of the bookstore ! I'll be searching again next semester.

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Jumat, 08 Juni 2012

[M979.Ebook] Ebook Free Insect EndocrinologyFrom Academic Press

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Insect EndocrinologyFrom Academic Press

The publication of the extensive seven-volume work Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science provided a complete reference encompassing important developments and achievements in modern insect science. One of the most swiftly moving areas in entomological and comparative research is endocrinology, and this volume, Insect Endocrinology, is designed for those who desire a comprehensive yet concise work on important aspects of this topic. Because this area has moved quickly since the original publication, articles in this new volume are revised, highlighting developments in the related area since its original publication.

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  • Newly revised contributions bring together the latest research in the quickly moving field of insect endocrinology
  • Review of the literature of the past five years is now included, as well as full use of data arising from the application of molecular technologies wherever appropriate

  • Sales Rank: #2511692 in Books
  • Published on: 2011-10-05
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 10.90" h x 1.30" w x 8.70" l, 4.10 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 588 pages

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Senin, 04 Juni 2012

[V247.Ebook] Download PDF Shackled Gods, by Tobias Lars

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Author’s Note: This is a book of Verse that was written during my personal spiritual awakening process, during the time I was encountering my ‘Shadow’, the dark parts of our self that we mostly avoid. The writing would come complete-whole. I would feel it inside me and write it as I heard-felt it. No editing has been done except for clarity. In my interaction with God-Source-Love my experience is, It doesn’t struggle to create. While receiving these verses I was deliberately encountering the forgotten-rejected- abandoned- parts of my Self as happens in Amazonian Ayahuasca shamanic journeys which are becoming popular now. I asked God for real healing and I spent many soul journeys traveling into my inner self. It is important in order to heal(which means to become 'whole' again),that we accept, allow, bring back inside us those lost pieces of our own selves. Often those pieces are 'dark', or we've labeled them so. Which is why we rejected them, sent them out and away from us to begin with.

  • Sales Rank: #1950393 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2013-02-14
  • Released on: 2013-02-14
  • Format: Kindle eBook

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Ana
A deep, intense, honest exposure of the author's growth and journey.
Thank you for it!

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[N873.Ebook] Ebook Free Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory, by George Lunn, Eric B. Sansone

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Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory, by George Lunn, Eric B. Sansone

An updated collection of detailed procedures used to degrade and dispose of a broad range of hazardous chemicals whether in bulk quantities, solutions in various solvents or spills. This edition features new chapters on the removal of metal ions and biological stains from solution; the degradation of mycotoxins, enzyme inhibitors, polycyclic heterocyclic hydrocarbons and highly reactive reagents such as butyllithium, peracids and phosgene as well as the use of much less hazardous reagents including molecular sieves. A list of hazardous compounds indexed by name, molecular formula and CAS Registry Number offers ready access to the data.

  • Sales Rank: #3806686 in Books
  • Published on: 1994-03
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.55" h x 1.19" w x 6.30" l, 1.93 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 520 pages

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A collection of techniques for destroying a variety of hazardous chemicals
By Bernie
As if you couldn't guess this is a textbook; it has the standard structure of a textbook everything is laid out in logical order. The introduction and the further reading references is almost worth the price of the book itself. There are some unique indices in the back of the book which I found myself actually slowing down and reading like a novel.

I was especially interested in the pharmaceutical names and cross-referenced index as I worked in the pharmaceutical industry at one time. I didn't actually work in the laboratory but I did work with hazmat and environmental control. I worked in aerospace industry where we set up a lot of chem-milling and high pressured rooms that contained Dow chemical's and fire tube furnaces that used corrosive materials. I also had NBC hazmat courses in the military.

I found this book to be more specific on not only the chemicals that it describes the actual destruction procedures and principles of decontamination. I am embarrassed to say that I only recognize a fraction of the chemicals but am amazed at how detailed this book is.

Yes it's targeted towards a specific group as you can tell from the title however I can see it also is being very useful to parallel disciplines and I am glad that I had the opportunity to peruse this book.

One last observation is most books expect you to have an extensive background to build on. This book is no different but it does take the time to slow down to help you gain enough background to make what you learn here practical.

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Minggu, 03 Juni 2012

[Q279.Ebook] Free PDF Spark Discharge, by Eduard M. Bazelyan, Yuri P. Raizer

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Spark Discharge, by Eduard M. Bazelyan, Yuri P. Raizer

Spark Discharge is a first-of-its-kind text, providing a comprehensive and systematic description of the spark breakdown of long gas gaps. It discusses the nature of a long spark, physical peculiarities of relevant gas discharge processes, methods and results of experimental studies, and analytical and numerical models. The most important applications in high-voltage engineering are covered in a single volume.
The straightforward presentation of complicated materials, the deep insight into the nature of the processes, and the simplified mathematical descriptions of the phenomena, make Spark Discharge an excellent textbook for students and an indispensable reference for researchers, physicists, and engineers.

  • Sales Rank: #2672709 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: CRC Press
  • Published on: 1997-08-21
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.21" h x .75" w x 6.14" l, 1.38 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 312 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Language Notes
Text: English (translation)
Original Language: Russian

From the Back Cover
Spark Discharge is a first-of-its-kind text, providing a comprehensive and systematic description of the spark breakdown of long gas gaps. It discusses the nature of a long spark, physical peculiarities of relevant gas discharge processes, methods and results of experimental studies, and analytical and numerical models. The most important applications in high-voltage engineering are covered in a single volume. Features: Gives an overview of the phenomena underlying the mechanism of spark discharge; classifies and generalizes experimental and theoretical models and gives a general theory of the process; presents physically substantiated methods to solve problems in high-voltage engineering and lighting; contains original illustrative material that helps the reader understand the details of the space-time pattern of the process and important relations between spark parameters; and considers experimental methods and warns against common misunderstandings.

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7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
ill-presented, but the information is in there somewhere
By RK
This book is not for begninners, but for someone who already knows the basic stuff. The material is presented in a very ad-hoc manner. The chapters and subsections do not follow the standard "say what you are going to say - say - and say what you said" format. New concepts are thrown at you with no lead or introduction. But the material is there. So it is a good reference book. This book can use a good editor.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
DUAL REVIEW: SPARK DISCHARGE & LIGHTNING PHYSICS AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION
By James Tanenbaum
SPARK DISCHARGE (1997) by Edward M. Bazelyan and Yuri P. Raizer is an advanced text, requiring the reader to be well-grounded (pun intended) in calculus and electro-physics. Despite its broad title, the authors have sharply focused on the mechanism of the initiation and development of the spark discharge, which has not been so rigorously studied before. The mature, fully-formed spark or arc is mentioned only in passing, but one form or another of it may be found amply described in numerous other books, including a related volume by the same authors: Lightning Physics and Lightning Protection (2000), reviewed below.

A further concentration is on the initiation of ultra-long discharges. Above a few megavolts, the lengths of individual discharges (in air) no longer have a direct relationship to the applied voltage or the proximity to nearby conducting surfaces, often traveling over a hundred meters horizontally only a few tens of meters above the ground, aptly illustrated by the photograph found on Page 4.

Unfortunately, this is the only detailed picture of these spectacular artificial lightning bolts – the rest of the photographic illustrations are highly-technical close-ups, analyzing the details of the initial-discharge process. This is the main strength of the book – a microscopic examination of the mechanisms of the electrical breakdown of gases that allow the development and propagation of “superlong discharges”, as the authors refer to them.

- * -

Another strong point is the author’s repeated emphasis on the shortcomings of existing research data, that of their own as well as others’. This arises from the difficulties of controlling all the variables, so that there are differing results of apparently-similar or even apparently-identical experiments. They take great pains to describe the practical elements of the physical setup that affect its performance, such as the dependence of gap breakdown on the risetime and duration of the applied voltage being difficult to reproduce consistently, because of the effect the discharge-inception current has on the output voltage of the high-voltage source, not to mention the day-to-day changes in atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity.

Each experimental setup is rigorously studied for sources of error. For a spherical electrode of radius r at a voltage U suspended by a thread over a plane electrode, the maximum electric field, E, is reduced by 5% compared to the theoretical value (U/r) even if the thread’s radius is only 1% of the sphere’s.

- * -

An important feature of the book is the many photographs that were taken with an electron-optical image converter, a vacuum-tube device that produces extremely short exposures, as small as a fraction of a nanosecond, and intensifies faint light sources by thousands of times. This apparatus is briefly described in the text, and it allowed the authors to capture sharply time-resolved images of the constantly-changing faint streamers and leaders that were available by no other means.

The EOIC consists of an optical lens that focuses an image of the discharge on the converter’s flat photocathode (located at one end of the converter). The photocathode emits a quantity of electrons proportional to the intensity of the light striking the photocathode at each point of the image. These electrons are accelerated and focused on an electronic shutter that controls the exposure time. Finally, the electrons admitted through the shutter are further accelerated and deflected to form a visible image on a fluorescent phosphor screen at the opposite end of the converter, similar to the CRT used in older televisions, except that the entire image is processed and displayed all at once, not raster scanned as in TV. This glowing image is in turn photographed with a conventional film or digital camera.

- * -

The authors’ thesis provides an explanation of the ability of superlong discharges to span gaps far in excess of that predicted by the breakdown voltages measured for short gaps and lower voltages. The dielectric strength of dry air at STP is about 30 Kv/cm, as measured with sphere gaps using up to hundreds of kilovolts. This would extrapolate to a one meter gap for 3,000,000 volts, but in reality, it has been observed jumping well over a hundred meters. A graph of gap-distance vs. breakdown-voltage would have been useful here, showing the divergence of the unimodal relationship above whatever megavoltage the authors have determined from their research.

A grossly-oversimplified description of the process (e.g. neglecting space-charge and some other effects) is that the discharge starts at the HV electrode, whose small radius concentrates the electric field to the point (~30 kv/cm) where the surrounding gas begins to ionize, forming a corona. Thin fingers (“streamers”) extend from the corona, but draw only a small ionic current because they have a high resistance. As they extend, new streamers branch repeatedly from the initial “stem”, each branch adding its tiny current to the (still very small) current in the stem, until finally the energy density in the stem portion is sufficient to ionize the air and significantly reduce its resistance. At this point, the branched streamer becomes a “leader”, and allows nearly the full electrode voltage U to appear at its tip, from which new streamers extend. As they branch in turn and their stems ionize, the leader advances behind them in a stepwise manner as the process is repeated, and possibly branches as well. Since the local field at the tip of leader is much more intense than the overall field from the electrode to the ground plane, the tip-field largely predominates in determining the direction of propagation. Since the tip-field extends transversely as well as longitudinally, the discharge can meander widely, almost at random, rather than immediately heading to the ground by the shortest route possible.

The authors take almost 300 pages to explain the mechanism properly, thoroughly, and going into exquisite detail at each step of the process. From them, I learned of a phenomenon of which I was previously unaware. In a normally-illuminated laboratory, I had thought that the hissing and sputtering I heard near an overvoltage-protection sphere gap on a 47 KV 60 Hz transformer was from a simple corona effect. But when I now observed it with all the lights off, I saw the play of thin pale blue streamers between the spheres as described by the authors, never developing into a short circuit because their resistance was too high. Or almost never – perhaps the rare arc-over was from a leader developing rather than an overvoltage spike reflected back from the load.

- * -

The book is well-written. L.N. Smirnova’s English translation of the authors’ Russian causes no problems for the reader, in spite of an occasional “quaint” word usage and sentence structure (“…but sometimes it [the filamentary discharge] allows the researcher to admire it for a long time…”), and with only a few grammatical errors or typos (e.g. “…rises up…”) that are found just as often in the work of American authors.

The Table of Contents spans four pages and is logically organized to rapidly guide the reader to the desired information, although the section on experimental equipment and techniques is located in the middle of the book, rather than at the more conventional beginning or end.

The 4-page Index is not quite so useful, as it is missing direct alphabetic entries for some significant terms like “ultracorona”, which is listed under “corona, ultracorona”, and there are no entries at all for terms like “arc” or “arc flash”, “ionization region” etc. To their credit, the authors are consistent in italicizing the first use of such terms in the body text.

Minor variations in regional usage are easily decoded: the authors use of “stepwise leader” instead of “stepped leader” for instance. Other terms, such as “descending current-voltage characteristic” is often better known as “negative resistance coefficient”

The line drawings, graphs, schematics, and tables, are all well-rendered, and present the concepts in a satisfactory manner.

- * -

Depending on the reader’s educational background and particular field of inquiry, Spark Discharge by itself may suffice to answer all their questions. For a less-advanced individual, an additional, more basic text may be required to help them understand the electro-physical concepts that are presented here with little or no explanation. But this volume, combined with the one reviewed below, certainly was adequate for my needs in writing a treatise on the dangers of side-flashes from the grounding conductors of lightning protection systems, where the cable’s inductive impedance, even more than its resistance, can raise its potential at a few meters above the ground to millions of volts. This represents a very real, but often unrecognized, hazard for persons standing within reach of electricity’s leaping abilities – abilities that I now understand much more thoroughly.

- * -

I found two other reviews of this book on Amazon. The second, briefer one, stated that the text was short on equations and derivations and was more of an overview. I found exactly the opposite – each section went deeply into the underlying elecrto-physics, complete with derivations and the math to back them up. The only brief overviews were on topics beyond the scope of the book, such as natural lightning. More importantly, the authors point out whenever more research is needed. The first, longer, review commented on the non-standard form of the presentation, and while I agree with this description, I did not find it a particular problem.
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LIGHTNING PHYSICS AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION (2000) by Edward M. Bazelyan and Yuri P. Raizer clearly shows its parentage, with “stepwise leaders” developing from “streamers”, but it is far more than a simple remake or reboot of Spark Discharge (1997). Like their earlier book, it is an advanced text, requiring the reader to be well-grounded (pun intended) in calculus and electro-physics. However, the final section on lightning protection is more practical and down-to-earth, and can be understood without all the math as long as the reader has grasped the basic concepts.

This book deals with the mature, fully-developed discharge in the form of natural lightning. About 200 pages explain the initiation of the lightning discharge, using research from the authors’ earlier work, but they take pains to modify it from Spark Discharge’s 300 pages covering laboratory artificial discharges, to insure that it applies to the much longer and more powerful natural bolts. They also carefully point out that the results from the smaller artificial discharges cannot simply be scaled up to hundreds-of-times longer lightning, and they detail the assumptions they made to modify their earlier findings. This is the best that anyone can do at present, because lightning cannot be had to order, nor studied and photographed with electron-optical image converters from a few feet away. They do include tests run on lightning “triggered” with small rockets trailing several hundred feet of thin wire, but even these do not provide enough data for a complete understanding. There are still gaps in our knowledge of lightning that even it cannot jump.

- * -

Lightning protection is handled in the authors’ unique style. It is not oriented to specific hardware or systems, but rather a description of the various components and how they interact with the lightning voltage and current. The reader will have to do some thinking to assemble a practical lightning protection system from the wisdom in this book, but it will be far better than off-the-shelf equipment hooked up by rote.

The most interesting…no, fascinating, part for me was the authors’ explanation of lightning’s capricious, or even “mischievous” behavior, exemplified by the striking (pun intended) photo on Page 21 of lightning hitting an all-metal television tower more than 600’ below its tip. This is not an unusual case, and the bane of lightning-protection-system designers everywhere. Early experiments with lab-generated lightning, and scale model buildings and power lines, quickly proved unrealistic because natural discharges are two to three orders of magnitude longer, and bridge the gap by a somewhat different mechanism.

Even today, there are texts that still refer to the “cone of protection” created by a lightning rod, or “tenting” from an overhead guard wire. More enlightened tutorials use the “rolling-sphere” method, which curves the straight surfaces of the “cone” and “tent” inward, reducing the protected volume. But this protection is only statistical – the occasional bolt will still penetrate this “shield”. The reason for this ability of lightning is complex, but well-described by the authors.

As the nascent bolt descends from the clouds in the form of a stepwise (or “stepped”) leader, it carries the cloud’s potential with it, increasing the strength of the electric field on the grounded objects below. Eventually, opposite-polarity “counterleaders” arise from tall, narrow, structures or trees and stretch upward. [Note that many other texts use the term “upward streamer” for the mature form of this discharge, although the initial streamers need to evolve into a leader in order to allow the ground charge to flow up them.] They usually connect to the downward leader some hundreds of feet above the ground, at which point the “return stroke” starts. Note that the term “return stroke” does not imply an immediate reversal of the current flow between could and ground, but only that the brightening of the lightning channel proceeds upward as the previously-deposited channel charge begins to move downward from the point of connection. A similar effect is seen in a line of vehicles starting up as the traffic signal changes from red to green: the vehicles move forward, but the point of beginning of motion propagates rearward.

The photo on Page 263 alone is worth the price of the book. It shows an unconnected 300’ forked counterleader emanating from the top of the same television tower, while a lightning bolt completely “ignores” it, passing within 50 feet as it strikes the tower well below the tip. This, more than any written words, shows the fallacy of the “deflector-shield” concept of lightning protection systems, or attempts to develop special air terminals that promote the formation of counterleaders as a means of increasing their effective height. Percentage protection is the best one can do, but Thor and Zeus sometime beat the odds.

- * -

The book is well-written. L.N. Smirnova’s English translation of the authors’ Russian causes no problems for the reader, in spite of an occasional “quaint” word usage and sentence structure (“Buildings of such a height can be said to fire lightning sparks up at the clouds rather than to be attacked by them.”), and with only a few grammatical errors or typos (e.g. “This often happens in heap [sic] rather than clouds carrying a relatively small electric charge.”) that are found just as often in the work of American authors.

The Table of Contents spans four pages and is logically organized to rapidly guide the reader to the desired information. The 4-page Index is also extensive enough to be useful.

A number of small black-and-white photographs of lightning strikes clearly show the characteristics being discussed, and some of the close-up EOIC pictures from Spark Discharge are included in the section on the initiation of the lightning discharge, with the caveat that the laboratory streamers and leaders may not be exactly the same as the ones involved in starting the natural version. I have described the EOIC in the above review of that book, along with a brief overview of the discharge initiation and propagation mechanism for laboratory sparks.

The line drawings, graphs, schematics, and tables, are all well-rendered, and present the concepts in a satisfactory manner.

- * -

I found two other reviews of this book on Amazon. Both were 5-Star, but extremely short and contained no specific information or appraisals.

- * -

Taken together, Spark Discharge and Lightning Physics and Lightning Protection provide the best, most microscopically-detailed view of high-voltage discharge electro-physics published to date.

2 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Just OK
By Engineer1758
I was expecting more deatils in terms of equations and derivations of the material. This book was kept to an overview. I was not impressed.

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